If you follow the hyperlinks on this page it will give you a very basic look at some of the pocesses. Of particular interest is the following
"These connections appear to be involved in the process of extinction, whereby a stimulus that triggers a conditioned fear gradually loses this effect. This happens if that stimulus is repeatedly presented to the subject without the unconditional nociceptive stimulus that was initially associated with it to produce the conditioned fear."
So soothing while experiencing a situation that is traumatic would fit.
As far as attachment dissorders I am highly sceptical of them due to my recent readings of Jerome Kagen someone whose ideas you may find though provoking.
