So maybe this need for some healthy jealousy to confirm the bond still exists is actually hard wired into the female Probably both males and females I would think to some degree. Also regarding the Lorenz study, the baby geese (who were probably left behind while the parents were out "causing a ruckus") were known to imprint onto any object (not just the mother) as babies. You know the babies tend to follow their mother around in a single line? Lorenz wanted to know if that was nature (biological) or (nurture) a learned behvior. He found that the goslings have in inborn tendency to follow but that they will follow any moving, noisy object there at the right time. Some of the goslings even imprinted onto him and followed him around as the "mommy". So if the mother is "out to lunch", anyone will do at the time. So is there imprinting in humans"? Not clear. We certainly form human bonds with our main caretakers as infants/toddlers but humans are also very flexible and do not need to be raised by the mother herself. Not sure how all of this relates to the jealousy commentary but thought I'd share. Actually, you could extrapolate some of these findings and say that we as sexual beings "imprint" onto our mates and do not like it when another male/female tries to get in their personal space. Thus the jealousy. So it could be partly biological. Why are some people more jealous than others? Hmm.. That part is probably learned through life experiences. And why do some R/M have a lack of jealousy while others are full of jealousy? I think it does go back to EC. A healthy amount of jealousy solidifies the bonds of the R as you have stated. Geez, it's Saturday morning. I'm hurting my brain Cobra. I better move over to Globule's post now for some light-hearted banter, lol. Love the way you think though. Thanks for sharing.