The ductless split heating/cooling units are excellent. I use these in many of our buildings at work. They provide good heat and cooling with minimal disruption to the interior of the room. In my case, we need to have more cooling with the added electrical equipment being installed and there is no room for ducts.
Temporary insulation will be a good idea, especially since the cabin sounds like it has nothing. Do you use this cabin year around? Or plan to? Or is it more spring, summer, fall type thing?
Styrofoam panels decorated with fabric can be attached directly to the ceiling. This is temporary and your plans to insulated outside and install a new roof will return the interior to normal. I am assuming the interior is finished and you do want it to remain as it looks as much as possible.
You mention a basement. Is it a crawl space or a full basement? Is it heated?
The floor is probably cold in the cool months. Insulating between the floor joists is the usual solution. However, if the basement is a full standing basement or you have future plans to utilize it, for storage or living space, insulated the basement walls.
I am guessing the basement is unfinished, so it would be relatively easy to attach 2x6 studs to the wall and install closed cell insulation. This standard placement of wall stud accommodates the insulation and provides proper straight forward spacing for the finished wall material.
The basement floor itself could be built up one layer of styrofoam thick with a subfloor installed and you would be comfy cosy.
As for mice, yeah they are a pest. Remember metal, they don’t chew through that. Steel wool in the mouse holes.
I installed roofing metal, 2 1/2 feet heigh around the perimeter of my house at ground level. This barrier keeps the mice out. A few still find a way in; they are rather industrious it seems. These are easily trapped. Ah living in the country.
D
Feelings are fleeting. Be better, not bitter. Love the person, forgive the sin.