Ah yes - there may be cultural differences at play here! I'd be pretty shocked and horrified to be asked a question like that at a children's party - even by a quite close friend - but you know your social setting best.
I think if you're certain you're going to be asked questions like that, then you could opt not to go, or think of some answers in advance. "We're doing what works for us,' or something like that?
I know what you mean about not wanting to give your daughter the wrong idea. But she's very young, right? So she probably won't remember? Even in marriages that are intact and working well, sometimes both parents go, sometimes just one parent, sometimes a grandparent, depending on working and childcare arrangements, right?